Multi-band power amplifier module for wireless communication devices

ABSTRACT

A multi-band power amplifier module includes a first power amplifier that amplifies a first input radio frequency signal in a first frequency band in response to a first bias control signal. A second power amplifier amplifies a second input radio frequency signal in a second frequency band in response to a second bias control signal. A first bias control circuit produces the first bias control signal and a second bias control circuit produces the second bias control signal in response to step gain signals received at a step gain terminal.

RELATED APPLICATION

The present invention is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/039,687 filed on Jan. 19, 2005 entitled “MULTI-BAND PA MODULE FORWIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES” and related to the commonly assignedU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/041,863, titled “Multilayer RFAmplifier Module” by Wang, et al., filed on Oct. 22, 2001, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/385,058, titled “Power amplifier Module forwireless communication devices” by Ichitsubo et al, filed on Mar. 9,2003, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/385,059, titled “AccuratePower Sensing Circuit for Power Amplifiers by Ichitsubo et al, filed onMar. 9, 2003, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/804,737, titled “RFfront-end module for wireless communication devices” by Ichitsubo etal., filed Mar. 18, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/972,858,titled “Frequency filtering circuit for wireless communication devices”by Kubota et al, filed Oct. 25, 2004, filed and U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/972,636, titled “Diplexer circuit for wireless communicationdevices” by Kubota et al, filed Oct. 25, 2004. The disclosures of theserelated applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers(PA) module. Portable devices such as laptop personal computers (PC),Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and cellular phones with wirelesscommunication capability are being developed in ever decreasing size forconvenience of use. Correspondingly, the electrical components thereofmust also decrease in size while still providing effective radiotransmission performance. However, the substantially high transmissionpower associated with RF communication increases the difficulty ofminiaturization of the transmission components.

A major component of the wireless communication device is the radiofrequency PA. The PA is conventionally in the form of a semiconductorintegrated circuit (IC) chip or die in which signal amplification iseffected with substantial power. The amplifier chip is interconnected ina circuit with certain off-chip components such as inductors,capacitors, resistors, and transmission lines used for controllingoperation of the amplifier chip and providing impedance matching of theinput and output RF signals. The amplifier chip and associatedcomponents are typically assembled by interconnected metal circuit andbond wires on a printed circuit board (PCB) having a dielectricsubstrate or a lead frame.

Among significant considerations in the miniaturization of RF amplifiercircuits is the required impedance matching for the input and output RFsignals of the amplifier. Input and output impedance matching circuitstypically include capacitors, resistors, and inductors in associatedtransmission lines or micro strips for the RF signals into and out ofthe amplifier chip. However, these impedance matching circuits mayrequire specifically tailored off-chip components located remotely fromthe amplifier IC chip. Accordingly, the application circuitry mustinclude many electrical input and output terminals or bonding Pins towhich the corresponding portions of the off-chip impedance matchingcircuits are separately joined. This increases the difficulty ofassembly and required size of the associated components, and affects theoverall manufacturability of the portable devices.

One important requirement for the state-of-the-art wireless devices isto provide power amplification in a plurality of frequency bands. Thequality and power level of the amplified RF signals need to be properlycontrolled. The amplification of RF signals is required to be linearover a wide signal power range in each of the plurality of frequencybands. Preferably the amplification is reduced or increased according toinput RF signal, transmittance range and data rate so that powerconsumption can be optimized.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present application relates to a multi-band poweramplifier module, comprising:

a step gain terminal configured to receive a first step gain signal anda second step gain signal;

a first power amplifier configured to amplify a first input radiofrequency signal in a first frequency band in response to a first biascontrol signal to produced a first output radio frequency signal;

a first bias circuit configured to output the first bias control signalin response to the first step gain signal at the step gain terminal;

a second power amplifier configured to amplify a second input radiofrequency signal in a second frequency band in response to a second biascontrol signal to produced a second output radio frequency signal; and

a second bias circuit configured to output the second bias controlsignal in response to the second step gain signal at the step gainterminal.

In another aspect, the present application relates to a multi-band poweramplifier module, comprising:

a power sensing terminal configured to receive a first power sensingsignal and a second power sensing signal;

a first power amplifier configured to amplify a first input radiofrequency signal in a first frequency band in response to the firstpower sensing signal to produced a first output radio frequency signal;

a first power sensing circuit configured to output the first powersensing signal at the power sensing terminal;

a second power amplifier configured to amplify a second input radiofrequency signal in a second frequency band in response to the secondpower sensing signal to produced a second output radio frequency signal;and

a second power sensing circuit configured to output the second powersensing signal at the power sensing terminal.

An advantage of the present invention is that the power amplifier iscapable of amplifying radio frequency signals in a plurality offrequency bands with efficient circuit. The power amplifiers moduleinclude power sensing circuits and bias control circuits that optimallycontrol the bias current and operation characteristics of the poweramplifiers. As a result, the quality, the linearity, and currentconsumption of the amplified signals are significantly improved across aplurality of frequency bands over a wide dynamic range. The frequencyrange can cover from several megahertz (MHZ) to tens of gigahertz (GHZ).

The power sensing bias control circuits for different power amplifiersoperating at different frequency bands can be integrated within the RFamplifier module. In particular, the power sensing and the bias controlterminals can be shared among different power amplifiers to reduce footprint of the power amplifier module. The integrated RF amplifier moduleis therefore compact and lower cost.

A plurality of power supply terminals can be provided to supply power toeach power amplifier. The flexibility of providing power from one ormore power supply terminals enables greater amount power being suppliedto the power amplifiers, which is crucial for wireless applicationsrequiring high power amplification for Wi-Fi and Wi-Max applications.

The power amplifier circuit can be fabricated on semiconductor materialssuch as Gallium Arsenide Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (GaAs HBT).The RF power amplifier module can include a multi-layerthree-dimensional substrate or a lead frame having a bottom metal layeradapted to bond with the printed circuit board (PCB) of a wirelesscommunication device. The substrate can include one or more upper layersadapted to receive the amplifier chip and other off-chip components. Thebottom layer includes grounding metal Pins that are located at thecenter and at each corner, which is registered and adapted to bond withthe circuit pattern on PCB of the wireless communication device. Themetal Pins are connected to the upper layers through the multilayerthree-dimensional substrate by a plurality of metal via holes.

The RF amplifier module is suitable to applications in various wirelessdata and voice communications standards and protocols, including GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA, UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16(Wi-Max), and others. The PA module in accordance to the presentinvention especially provides reliable amplification to the Wi-Fi andWi-Max applications.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description, which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. Thefeatures and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained bymeans of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out inthe appended claims. These and other features of the present inventionwill become apparent from the following description and appended claims,or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forthhereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part ofthis specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and,together with the description, serve to explain the principles of theinvention:

FIG. 1 illustrates a top view diagram of a power amplifier modulecapable of amplifying radio frequency signals at two radio frequencybands in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of electrical layout of the power amplifiermodule of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates power-sensing circuits for the two power amplifierssharing the same terminal for power sensing output.

FIG. 4 illustrates bias control circuits for the two power amplifierssharing the same step gain terminal.

DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of theinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with thepreferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intendedto limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, theinvention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications andequivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of theinvention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in thefollowing detailed description of the present invention, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention. However, it will be obvious toone of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may bepracticed without these specific details. In other instances, well knownmethods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described indetail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, a power amplifier module 100 provides a unitary orcommon component that may be conveniently assembled in wireless devicessuch as cellular phone, mobile computers, handheld wireless digitaldevices, and for Wi-Fi and Wi-Max applications. In the presentinvention, the term “module” refers to such a unitary device forwireless communications, comprising integrated power amplifiers andother circuitry and auxiliary electronic components. The power amplifiermodule 100 is capable of amplifying radio frequency signals in aplurality of frequency bands. As shown in the top view diagram of FIG.1, the power amplifier module 100 comprises a first power amplifier 110and a second power amplifier 120. For example, the first power amplifier110 can amplify radio frequency signals in a frequency band centeredaround 2.5 GHz. The second power amplifier 120 can amplify radiofrequency signals in a frequency band centered around 3.5 GHz. The poweramplifier module 100 is compatible with other radio frequencies such as5 GHz, 700 MHz, etc.

The power amplifier module 100 includes four sides and a plurality ofmetal electrodes (often referred as pins or terminals) along each side.The pins or terminals can provide RF signal input and control signalinput to the power amplifiers as well as output RF or power sensingsignals. As shown in FIG. 1, the power amplifier module 100 includes aninput side on the left having pins 1 and 4 as ground, and pin 2 (RFin2)and pin 3 (RFin3) respectively for receiving input RF signals for thefirst power amplifier 110 and the second power amplifier 120. The poweramplifier module 100 also includes an output side on the right havingpins 9 and 12 as ground, and pin 11 (RFout2) and pin 10 (RFout3)respectively for receiving output RF signals from the first poweramplifier 110 and the second power amplifier 120. The upper side of thepower amplifier module 100 includes pin 16 (Vpc2) for receiving inputsignals to bias control circuit 115 for the first power amplifier 110.The lower side of the power amplifier module 100 includes pin 5 (Vpc3)for receiving input signals to bias control circuit 125 for the secondpower amplifier 120.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, pin 15(Gstep or gain step) along the upper side of the power amplifier module100 receives step gain signals for both the bias control circuit 115 andthe bias control circuit 125. The amplified RF signals output from thefirst power amplifier 110 and the second power amplifier 120 can bedetected respectively by capacitance coupling 118 and 128. In response,a power sensing circuit 140 produces power-sensing signals at pin 6(PS). Since only one of the two power amplifiers 110 and 120 are inoperation at each time, the power sensing signals from the two poweramplifiers 110 and 120 can be output at a shared terminal at pin 6. Thesharing of the power sensing terminal at pin 6 and the step gain controlterminal at pin 15 reduces the number of pins, the footprint, andmanufacturing cost of the power amplifier module 100.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, theupper side of the amplifier module 100 includes two power supply pins 13(Vcc2) and 14 (Res2). In low power amplifying applications, the power issupplied to the first power amplifier circuits by pin 13 whereas pin 14is used as a reserved power supply pin. Both pins 13 and 14 an be usedfor supplying power for high power applications such as Wi-Fi and Wi-Maxwireless applications. Similarly, the lower side of the amplifier module100 also includes a power supply pin 8 (Vcc3) and a reserved powersupply pin 7 (Res3).

The bottom view of the power amplifier module 100 is shown in FIG. 2.The pin-out 200 of the power amplifier module 100 when viewed from thebottom is flip symmetry of the pin-out when viewed from the top.Exemplified dimensions are also labeled in FIG. 2 in millimeter) to showthe small foot print of the power amplifier module 100 which areachieved by integrated circuit designs and shared electrodes between thepower amplifiers for different frequency bands.

The power amplifier module 100 can further comprise frequency filtercircuits and diplexers that can receive the input radio frequencysignals and output a radio frequency signal at a selective frequency(e.g. one of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz). Details of frequency circuit anddiplexer are disclosed in the above referenced and commonly assignedU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/972,858, titled “Frequency filteringcircuit for wireless communication devices” by Kubota et al, filed Oct.25, 2004, filed and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/972,636, titled“Diplexer circuit for wireless communication devices” by Kubota et al,filed Oct. 25, 2004, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

FIG. 3 illustrates power-sensing circuit 140 that is configured todetect amplified RF signals output from the first and the second poweramplifiers 110 and 120. The power sensing circuit 140 includes a firstpower sensing circuit 310 and a second power sensing circuit 320. Thefirst power sensing circuit 310 receives the amplified RF signals outputfrom the first power amplifier 110 detected by capacitance coupling 118.The detected amplified RF signals are amplified by a transistor throughthe coupling of a resistor R1 and diode D1. The power sensing signalsproduced as a result are coupled by a RC circuit to pin 6 (PS) of thepower amplifier module 100 (shown in FIG. 1). The amplified RF signalsfrom the second power amplifier 120 are similarly detected bycapacitance coupling 128, amplified and coupled by another RC circuit tothe same electrode pin 6 (PS) of the power amplifier module 100 in FIG.1.

Diodes D1 and D2 in the first power sensing circuit 310 and a secondpower sensing circuit 320 are critical in preventing undesirable reversecoupling of signals from the power sensing output pin 6 back to theamplifier output circuits. As a result, power-sensing circuits areintegrated between different frequency bands to enable small devicefootprint without introducing cross-band interference.

FIG. 4 shows the bias control circuit 400 that includes the bias controlcircuit 115 and the bias control circuit 125 respectively controllingthe bias voltages of the first power amplifier 110 and the second poweramplifier 120 for amplifying RF signals in the two frequency bands (e.g.2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz). The first bias circuits 410 receive DC power atVpc2 (pin 16 of FIG. 1). The second bias circuits 420 receive DC powerat Vpc3 (pin 5). The bias circuit 400 receives a gain control signal atgain control (pin 15). The gain control signal is coupled with the firstbias circuits 410 by a switch circuit that comprises a resistor R41 anda transistor 415. The gain control signal is coupled with the secondbias circuits 420 by a switch circuit that comprises a resistor R42 anda transistor 425.

The first power amplifier 110 is controlled by a bias control circuit115 and a power sensing circuit 140. The bias control circuit 115 isconfigured to output a first bias control signal and a second biascontrol signal depending on the voltage value of the gain control signalat step gain (pin 15). The first power amplifier 110 amplifies the inputradio frequency signals by a first gain in response to the first biascontrol signal and by a second gain in response to the second biascontrol signal. The multiple bias control signals and multiple gains aredesigned to broaden the dynamic gain range for the power amplifiermodule 100. For example, the range of the gain for each of the firstgain and the second gain can cover a range of 20 db. The first gain canbe 20 db or higher than the second gain. The amplification at each ofthe first gain and the second gain can be referred to as anamplification mode. For example, the power amplifier 110 can perform ata low gain amplification mode and a high gain amplification mode. Thebias control circuit 125 is similarly configured to output a first biascontrol mode and a second bias control mode to control the gains of thesecond power amplifier 120 for amplifying radio frequency signals at 3.5GHz.

In another embodiment, the bias control circuit 115 or the bias controlcircuit 125 can output three bias control modes. The three additiveamplification modes can be referred as step gains. Each of the biascontrol mode can control the first power amplifier 110 to amplify theinput radio frequency signals by a different gain. The first gain can be20 db or higher than the second gain. The second gain can be 20 db orhigher than the third gain. The three amplification modes ofamplification can realize an amplification range of 40 dB or more.Similarly, a bias circuit can output four or more bias control signalsto enable the power amplifier to realize an amplification range of 60 dbor more.

Other details of the operations of the bias control circuits 115 and 125and power sensing circuit 140 as well as the design and benefits of theelectric grounding in wireless power amplifier modules are disclosed inthe commonly assigned and the above mentioned U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/041,863, titled “Multilayer RF Amplifier Module” by Wang, etal., filed on Oct. 22, 2001, U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/385,058, titled “Power amplifier Module for wireless communicationdevices” by Ichitsubo et al, filed on Mar. 9, 2003, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/385,059, titled “Accurate Power Sensing Circuitfor Power Amplifiers by Ichitsubo et al, filed on Mar. 9, 2003, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 10/804,737, titled “RF front-end module forwireless communication devices” by Ichitsubo et al., filed Mar. 18,2004. The disclosures of these applications are incorporated herein byreference.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the foregoingdetailed description, it will be understood that the invention is notlimited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capableof numerous rearrangements, operating frequency bands, modifications,and substitutions without departing from the scope of the invention. Forexample, the frequency of a power amplifier is not restricted to 2.5 GHzor 3.5 GHz. The described system is compatible with power amplificationat 5 GHz, 700 MHz, or any other radio frequencies. The following claimsare intended to encompass all such modifications.

1. A multi-band power amplifier module, comprising: a first poweramplifier configured to amplify a first input radio frequency signal ina first frequency band in response to a first bias control signal toproduce a first output radio frequency signal; a first bias circuitconfigured to output tbe first bias control signal in response to thefirst step gain signal at the step gain terminal; a second poweramplifier configured to amplify a second input radio frequency signal ina second frequency band in response to a second bias control signal toproduce a second output radio frequency signal; and a second biascircuit configured to output the second bias control signal in responseto the second step gain signal at the step gain terminal.
 2. Themulti-band power amplifier module of claim 1, further comprising a powersensing terminal configured to receive a first power sensing signal anda second power sensing signal; a first power sensing circuit configuredto produce the first power sensing signal at the power sensing terminal,wherein the first power amplifier is configured to amplify the firstinput radio frequency signal in the first frequency band in response tothe first power sensing signal; and a second power sensing circuitconfigured to produce the second power sensing signal at the powersensing terminal, wherein the second power amplifier is configured toamplify the second input radio frequency signal in the second frequencyband in response to the second power sensing signal.
 3. The multi-bandpower amplifier module of claim 2, wherein the first power sensingcircuit detects the first output radio frequency signal to produce thefirst power sensing signal at the power sensing terminal.
 4. Themulti-band power amplifier module of claim 3, wherein the first powersensing circuit detects the first output radio frequency signal bycapacitance coupling.
 5. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim1, further comprising two or more power supply terminals, wherein atleast one power supply terminal is configured to supply power to thefirst power amplifier.
 6. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim5, wherein two or more power supply terminals simultaneously supplypower to the first power amplifier.
 7. The multi-band power amplifiermodule of claim 5, wherein the two or more power supply terminals and astep gain terminal are disposed along one side of the multi-band poweramplifier module.
 8. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim 1,wherein the frequency band is centered at about 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, or 5GHz
 9. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim 1, furthercomprising a first input terminal configured to receive the first inputradio frequency signal in the first frequency band; a second inputterminal configured to receive the second input radio frequency signalin the second frequency band; and one or more ground terminals connectedto the to the first power amplifier or the second power amplifier;wherein the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the oneor more ground terminals are disposed along one side of the multi-bandpower amplifier module.
 10. The multi-band power amplifier module ofclaim 1, further comprising a first output terminal configured toreceive the first output radio frequency signal; a second outputterminal configured to receive the second output radio frequency signal;and one or more ground terminals connected to the to the first poweramplifier or the second power amplifier; wherein the first outputterminal, the second output terminal, and the one or more groundterminals are disposed along one side of the multi-band power amplifiermodule.
 11. A multi-band power amplifier module, comprising: a powersensing terminal configured to receive a first power sensing signal anda second power sensing signal; a first power amplifier configured toamplify a first input radio frequency signal in a first frequency bandin response to the first power sensing signal to produce a first outputradio frequency signal; a first power sensing circuit configured toproduce the first power sensing signal at the power sensing terminal; asecond power amplifier configured to amplify a second input radiofrequency signal in a second frequency band in response to the secondpower sensing signal to produced a second output radio frequency signal;and a second power sensing circuit configured to produce the secondpower sensing signal at the power sensing terminal.
 12. The multi-bandpower amplifier module of claim 11, wherein the first power sensingcircuit detects the first output radio frequency signal to produce thefirst power sensing signal at the power sensing terminal.
 13. Themulti-band power amplifier module of claim 12, wherein the first powersensing circuit detects the first output radio frequency signal bycapacitance coupling.
 14. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim11, further comprising a step gain terminal configured to receive afirst step gain signal and a second step gain signal; a first biascontrol circuit configured to output a first bias control signal inresponse to the first step gain signal at the step gain terminal,wherein the first power amplifier is configured to amplify the firstinput radio frequency signal in the first frequency band in response tothe first bias control signal; and a second bias control circuitconfigured to output the second bias control signal in response to thesecond step gain signal at the step gain terminal, wherein the secondpower amplifier is configured to amplify the second input radiofrequency signal in the second frequency band in response to the secondbias control signal.
 15. The multi-band power amplifier module of claim11, further comprising two or more power supply terminals, wherein atleast one power supply terminal is configured to supply power to thefirst power amplifier.
 16. The multi-band power amplifier module ofclaim 15, wherein two or more power supply terminals simultaneouslysupply power to the first power amplifier.
 17. The multi-band poweranplifier module of claim 15, wherein the two or more power supplyterminals and the power sensing terminal are disposed along one side ofthe multi-band power amplifier module.
 18. The multi-band poweramplifier module of claim 11, wherein the frequency band is centered atabout 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, or 5 GHz.
 19. The multi-band power amplifiermodule of claim 11, further comprising a first input terminal configuredto receive the first input radio frequency signal in the first frequencyband; a second input terminal configured to receive the second inputradio frequency signal in the second frequency band; and one or moreground terminals connected to the to the first power amplifier or thesecond power amplifier; wherein the first input terminal, the secondinput terminal, and the one or more ground terminals are disposed alongone side of the multi-band power amplifier module.
 20. The multi-bandpower amplifier module of claim 11, further comprising a first outputterminal configured to receive the first output radio frequency signal;a second output terminal configured to receive the second output radiofrequency signal; and one or more ground terminals connected to the tothe first power amplifier or the second power amplifier; wherein thefirst output terminal, the second output terminal, and the one or moreground terminals are disposed along one side of the multi-band poweramplifier module.